ABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the clinical features of gynecological diseases in hospitalized children.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A retrospective analysis was performed for the clinical data of 147 children with gynecological diseases who were hospitalized and treated in the department of gynecology.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Among the 147 children, ovarian tumors were most common (53 cases, 36.1%), followed by reproductive tract dysplasia or malformation (29 cases, 19.7%), adolescent dysfunctional uterine bleeding (18 cases, 12.2%), traumatic injury in the vulva/vagina (15 cases, 10.2%), and vaginal foreign body (8 cases, 5.4%). The main symptoms of ovarian tumors included abdominal pain and abdominal or pelvic mass. Progressive abdominal pain was a main symptom in children with reproductive tract dysplasia or malformation. The children with adolescent dysfunctional uterine bleeding manifested as irregular or a lot of vaginal bleeding. The children with ovarian tumors and reproductive tract malformation or dysplasia were given surgical treatment, and those with adolescent dysfunctional uterine bleeding were given different sex hormones based on their clinical manifestations and endometrial thickness. Eight children with vaginal foreign body underwent hysteroscopy for vaginal examination, and the foreign body was successfully removed without the damage of the hymen. One patient with tubal pregnancy underwent laparoscopic tubal pregnancy debridement. One patient with hydatid mole was diagnosed with invasive hydatid mole after complete curettage of uterine cavity and then received chemotherapy.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>The top three gynecological diseases in children are ovarian tumors, reproductive tract dysplasia or malformation, and adolescent dysfunctional uterine bleeding. Common chief complaints of the patients include abdominal pain, abdominal masses, and irregular vaginal bleeding. Diagnosis and treatment should fully consider the physiological and reproductive features of children and give full play to the advantages of laparoscopy, hysteroscopy, and ultrasound.</p>
Subject(s)
Adolescent , Child , Child, Preschool , Female , Humans , Infant , Infant, Newborn , Pregnancy , Genital Diseases, Female , Diagnosis , TherapeuticsABSTRACT
<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>Cervical cancer is the second most common cancer of woman in the world, and human papillomavirus (HPV) infection plays an important role in the development of most of the cases. IκB kinase β (IKKβ) is a kinase-mediating nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) activation by phosphorylating the inhibitor of NF-κB (IκB) and is related by some diseases caused by virus infection. However, there is little known about the correlation between IKKβ and HPV infection in cervical cancer. This study aimed to investigate the expression of IKKβ protein in cervical cancer tissues and effects of inflammation on HPV positive or negative cervical cancer cells through detecting the expression of IKKβ, IκBα, p53, and p21 proteins after treated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to mimic bacterial infection. We also examined the effects of LPS on cervical cancer cells after blocking IKKβ with pharmacological inhibitor.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Thirty-six matched specimens of cervical cancer and adjacent normal tissues were collected and analyzed in the study. The expression of IKKβ in the tissue specimens was determined by immunohistochemical staining. In addition, Western blot was used to detect the expression level changes of IKKβ, IκBα, p53, and p21 after LPS stimulated in the HPV16+ (SiHa) and HPV16- (C33A) cervical cancer cell lines. Furthermore, the effects of IKKβ inhibitor SC-514 on LPS-induced expression change of these proteins were investigated.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The expression of IKKβ was higher in cervical cancer than adjacent normal tissues, and there was no significant difference between tumor differentiation, size, and invasive depth with IKKβ expression. The LPS, which increased the expression level of IKKβ protein but decreased in the IκBα, p53 and p21 proteins, was illustrated in HPV16+ (SiHa) but not in HPV16- (C33A) cells. Moreover, IKKβ inhibitor SC-514 totally reversed the upregulation of IKKβ and downregulation of p53 and p21 by LPS in SiHa cells.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>IKKβ may mediate the downregulation of p53 and p21 by LPS in HPV16+ cervical cancer cells.</p>